If Romney wins, what can Americans expect?
With a Romney win, the US House and Senate are likely to be both Republican dominated. The agenda, in the first one hundred days will be furious. As DeMitt indicated, he believes every thing must be pushed through in that time frame because after that the American people will Wake UP and demand a more sane policy regarding domestic and foreign issues.
First off, forget any serious effort at social issues. That is Abortion. gay rights and health care. Republicans talk the talk but don't particularly care about these. They love the anger these issues generate but don;t like to waste political capital legislating against these. Health care in particular will get starved to death or obstructed on a state level. With no money available to implement Obama Cares, health care spending as a percentage of GDP will grow while more continue to lose their health insurance. Medicaid will be gutted, leaving about 35% to 40% of the population without heath insurance or the ability to pay for health care by 2016.
Regarding defense spending. More is better. But how much is waste? Romney has vowed to increase spending significantly, in the range of $250-$500 billion yearly. With no accountability and no source of increased Federal revenues other than 'trust me'. The bulk of the increase goes to weapons purchases, keeping much of old "Cold War' weapons systems in place'. Very little bang for the dollar.
On foreign affairs, I don't see a major shift in the short run, except regarding Iran. Romney, surrounded by Bush people, wants a face-off against Iran in order to prove he too is a war-time President. No one in their right mind believes Iran will be a cake-walk and the cost in treasure and lives would leave the USA near bankruptcy once the illusion of a short, quick war fades. The likelihood of increased terrorism directed at America targets both domestically and internationally will sap the fortitude of the public.
It's clear where he wants to go by his verbal abandonment of the 'honest=broker' position the USA as held since 1967 when he mocked the Palestinians during his little foreign policy tour. It gives Israel a clear signal to end the false two state solution and annex the west-bank into Israel proper.
Domestic economic issues, however, are where Republicans want to leave a permanent stamp. Extending the complete Bush tax cuts are their primary goal. Secondly, adding the additional 20% tax cut Romney loves to hype is their real objective. And this is where the real damage to the America economy comes from. So far, the Bush tax cuts, war with Iran, and increased defense spending deliveries an annual Federal deficit of around 1.5 to 1.75 trillion. The added 20% breaks the bank.
Here's why! How much were income taxes cut for the average American in the much-maligned Stimulus? And the stimulus is set to expire. Well, it was greater than 20%. So, right-off the top, an average American income tax payer will see a modest income tax increase, under the guise of a tax cut. How fair is that? But, wait, the annual deficit is now running 2.5 trillion. Here is where Romney has solutions but are they realistic? He proposes numerous fixes in the tax code to make his 20% tax cut revenue neutral by ending or cutting back hundreds of specific income tax deductions, credits and
incentives to large and small business as well as those favoring the American public. But will Congress go along. I seriously doubt it and here's why!
Take the talk of ending the homeowners interest deduction. Want to end home ownership has we
know it? The mortgage banking, real estate, home building and home improvement industries, who pay big money in annual lobby fees, will cry and howl and bring Congress to its knees. Imagine first time home purchasing falling completely off the cliff. I can't, so that's going to be a no-no. The same of course, holds for the hundreds of other tax credits, deductions and incentives. Corporate America doesn't spend millions yearly lobbying Congress to just decide, hey, let's give up this favorably tax environment we spend millions creating. Nearly all Corporate America pays little or no taxes under current law, do you think they are willing to pay another cent. It ain't going to happen. Corporations will replace every one of the tax increasers.
So, now America is looking at annual deficits in the range of 3 trillion.
Saturday, August 4, 2012
Monday, July 23, 2012
What this election will really decide -
How large is the low-educated, no analytical skills voting group. In my review: 15% benefit from the current economic arrangement and they break 75%/25% republican. About another 10-12% are progressive.Same number conservative but uncertain about this group. Another 10% on each side back whatever. And the other 40%, well, fortunately half don't vote. It's the half that do, I'm worried about.
Friday, July 13, 2012
What's behind romney's past secrets?
Well, I have my take:
Is this just another hysterical episode from the romney campaign or the real deal? If this runs another week then it will burn until the convention. If romney survives the nomination what will he look like on Labor Day, the start of the final run?
And here's some-one else's thinking:
An Andrew Sullivan reader who is an securities attorney writes:
"The average voter is more like a member of a jury than an SEC board member or securities lawyer. Here is the case that I would make against Romney on this issue, in a nutshell:
He was listed as President, CEO, and sole stockholder of Bain until 2002 on SEC filings that carry criminal penalties if they are false.
He doesn’t dispute that he owned the company, lock, stock and barrel.
During that time we know that he was paid at least $100,000 - an enormous sum to most jurors. You don’t get paid that kind of money for doing nothing.
We don’t know how much more he was paid because he won’t release his taxes.
Before he ran for Governor of Mass in 2002, he talked about how he attended board meetings for Staples and Marriott – two Bain Companies during that time period.
He is responsible, like all CEOs, for what Bain did through 2002.
He says it took three years to "change the name of the CEO"? Bain would target a company, swoop in, divert all the cash, pick the bones, fire the employees and be gone in less time than that.
His story is (insert synonym for BS)
Then, when opposing counsel wanted to argue Romney wasn’t paying attention to particular deals, that SEC document was for Bain LP, not Bain Capital, LLC, or whatever, I would just let him talk. All it does is make him look like more of a BS artist.
...
Is this just another hysterical episode from the romney campaign or the real deal? If this runs another week then it will burn until the convention. If romney survives the nomination what will he look like on Labor Day, the start of the final run?
And here's some-one else's thinking:
An Andrew Sullivan reader who is an securities attorney writes:
"The average voter is more like a member of a jury than an SEC board member or securities lawyer. Here is the case that I would make against Romney on this issue, in a nutshell:
He was listed as President, CEO, and sole stockholder of Bain until 2002 on SEC filings that carry criminal penalties if they are false.
He doesn’t dispute that he owned the company, lock, stock and barrel.
During that time we know that he was paid at least $100,000 - an enormous sum to most jurors. You don’t get paid that kind of money for doing nothing.
We don’t know how much more he was paid because he won’t release his taxes.
Before he ran for Governor of Mass in 2002, he talked about how he attended board meetings for Staples and Marriott – two Bain Companies during that time period.
He is responsible, like all CEOs, for what Bain did through 2002.
He says it took three years to "change the name of the CEO"? Bain would target a company, swoop in, divert all the cash, pick the bones, fire the employees and be gone in less time than that.
His story is (insert synonym for BS)
Then, when opposing counsel wanted to argue Romney wasn’t paying attention to particular deals, that SEC document was for Bain LP, not Bain Capital, LLC, or whatever, I would just let him talk. All it does is make him look like more of a BS artist.
...
Thursday, June 28, 2012
This says it best -
Every Romney speech and statement I hear is almost entirely about Obama. It's as if Romney himself doesn't exist except as a fun-house mirror reflecting a wildly false view of the president. Is this how he expects to win?
Monday, June 25, 2012
complete communities (4-27-2013)
the better description for - complete communities
only communities composed of multi-options, diversity and inclusive will survive and remain successfully functional and effective in the 21st century. They will be characterized as equitable, affordable, sustainable and walkable. The specific components are housing, work, services, amenties, movign and thriving. whose factors include: quality education; access to good jobs, affordable housing; affordable healthy food; affordable health services; ability to enjoy amenities; access to recreation and parks; meaningful civic engagement; affordable transportation choices.
As in all communities, decision-making models fall into three categories: grand plan by primary elements (government/business)/almost no deliberate and/or subconscious actions by individuals and small-entities. moderate planning/moderate actions. liitle or no planning/primarily actions.
The secret and charm of community is its diversity and level of human interaction achieved by creating walkable urban-style environments. 'Spontaneous' diversity (on all levels-primary & secondary) is generated by planting seeds.
four conditions are all necessary and indispensible.
1) must serve more than one primary function and preferably more than two.
+ insuse people to go outside on different schedules
(people distributed throughout the time of day)
(factor of users spread through time of day)
(maximum person/times - when needed most for time balance)
- mid-afternoons(2-5)
- evenings
- saturdays/sundays
+ are there for different purposes (residents/workers/irregulars/tourists)
+ use many facilities in common
+ a waterfront itself is the first asset capable of drawing people.
+ primary uses - anchors/bring people to a specific place/ can be unusual / attractors of people
(offices/factories/dwellings/education/entertainment/recreation)
+ secondary uses - enterprises that respond to the presence of primary uses / serve people & flourishes sufficiently / contains enough of unusual & unique.
+ primary uses mixtures - to preform effectivel/overlap/use same streets/some of same facilities
(incubate operation/incubators of enterprises)
+ constant replacement - less with more intensive/no artificially induced dispersion,only centripetal forces/courts of honor[formal design]/functional & economic needs of the place/
+ mingled city - individual architectural focal pts./intimately surrounded by everyday matrix in harmony w/economic-functional behavior.
+ each primary use needs imtimate matrix with its secondary diversity.
+ primary uses - complexity & variety. {place requires a grid/network/overlap of primary uses]
2) most blocks must be short; streets and opportunities to turn corners must be frequent
+ isolated, discrete street neighborhoods are apt to be helpless socially.
+ monotony - endless stores/depressing predominance of commercial standardization.
+ consolidation, scale of support, scale of convenience.
+ no stringent physical segregation of regular users
+ streets containing buildings where things could start up & grow at spots economically viable
+ various alternative routes to choose
+ mutual paths - mixed & mingled.
+ supply of fleasible spots for commerce.
+ distribution / convenience of placement.
___________________________________________________________________________________
article @ The Atlantic Cities / Irvine Minnesota Inventory.
All of this means is that truly walkable urban communities are much more economically vibrant than their drivable suburban neighbors. Creating a supply of walkable urban neighborhoods, substituting 'walkable urban' for “drivable suburban”.
What do most people want in the way of a community? A functional, safe, economically effective, place that provides a diversity of choices for residence, work, entertainment, recreation, transportation, services and human needs. Additionally, people want walkable, energy-efficient, more sustainable places that offer racial and ethnic diversity, prosperity, and stability.
I've been emphasizing this point for years - America needs to re-invent its cities for two reasons - and this is one; the other is energy. I don't see America giving up the individual transportation module (car) any time soon (say the next 100 years) but with fossil fuels ending and thus more expensive, living in suburban is not going to work. the cost and inconvenience will not sustain itself. Small to mid-sized cities would do well as bloomer-centric hubs, particular those with good mass transit and several features that attract activity. With small electric powered cars, zones with a 5-mile radius will be ideal especially with the availibility of transit.We live in an older suburb of Chicago - 95% of everything we need is within 5 miles, everything one would want or need + rail and mass transit & easy access to 3 interstates. And yes, we have our few square feet of grass.
However, many will always live rurally and in the far out suburbs - energy and the recent economic phase shift will pull more people into the cities , particularly if cities can regain employment centers and prove 'safety.
Regarding my two point - that America will have to/must re-invent its cities and suburban centers because of energy.
establishment of suburban villages around transport corridors. (an example - suburban chicago) What is required is an easement from zoning regulations allowing for three or four story multi-use development an eighth of a mile around a designated transport service stop, and three story multi-residence development a quarter of a mile around a designated transport stop. The multi-use zone should allow for both ground level retail and ground and/or second story professional uses, with townhouse residences above. The easement should also include a maximum allowed parking minimum, with allowance to include pooled parking in the zone to meeting parking minimums
As it was originally designed, Outer Suburbia and Exurbia was designed to fail in an era where increasing energy efficiency will be a fundamental platform for ongoing growth. However, its possible to retrofit Outer Suburbia and Exurbia to a more sustainable design
All across the U.S., residential exurbs that sprouted on the edge of metropolitan areas are seeing their growth fizzle, according to new 2011 census estimates released Thursday.
...
"The heyday of exurbs may well be behind us," Yale University economist Robert J. Shiller said. Shiller, co-creator of a Standard & Poor's housing index, is perhaps best known for identifying the risks of a U.S. housing bubble before it actually burst in 2006-2007. Examining the current market, he believes America is now at a turning point, shifting away from faraway suburbs to cities amid persistently high gasoline prices.
...
"Suburban housing prices may not recover in our lifetime," Shiller said, calling the development of suburbs since 1950 "unusual," enabled only by the rise of the automobile and the nation's highway system
If values (property values below replacement cost) are sliding because of the cost of travel per mile in an area that requires a lot of miles of travel to get things done, there are two responses that can boost value:
(1) Suppose that you had a small, multi-use "suburban village" that was in relatively easy travel distances.
(2) Suppose that the suburban village was connected by lower cost transport to additional suburban villages as well as to one or more larger urban multi-use areas
http://marketurbanism.com/
http://greatergreaterwashington.org/
http://www.streetsblog.org/
http://www.thetransportpolitic.com/
http://discoveringurbanism.blogspot.com/
http://newurbandesigner.com/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes from 'The Oregon Experiment', 1975, Christopher Alexander, et. al., Oxford University Press.
1) organic order - planning and construction is guided by a process which allows the whole to emerge gradually from local acts. The kind of order achieved when there is a perfect balance between the needs of the parts and the needs of the whole. The community shall not adopt any form of physical master plan, but instead shall adopt a process. The process enables the community to draw its order from a communal pattern language. The process is administered by a single planning board of less than ten members, made up of users and ____________ in equal numbers, and a director of planning (supported by a staff ). It is impossible to fix today what the environment should be like 20 years from today, then steer the process of development toward that fixed, imaginary world.
2) participation - all decisions about building are in the hands of the users. what to build, how to build it. User design team for each proposed building, and only those designs initiated by users will be considered.
3) piecemeal growth - construction undertaken in each cycle will be weighed overwhelmingly towards small projects. piecemeal growth is essential to create organic order, growth and repair, in order to maintain balance and coordination, the quality of the whole. To maintain morphological integration repair must conserve a pre-ordained order and adapt continuously to changing uses and activiities. gradual sequence of changes, distributed across all levels and scales. good environments have in common whole & alive due to slow growth over long period, piece by piece. adapting to changing users and needs.
4) patterns - design and construction guided by communally adopted planning principles called patterns, covering all levels (macro / micro).
5) diagnosis - well being of whole protected by annual diagnosis which explains which spaces are alive and which ones are dead at any given moment. Planning staff along with the users of individual spaces will prepare an annual diagnostic map for the entire environment. This diagnostic map will be adopted, published and available to all.
6) coordination - slow emergence of organic order assured by a funding process whcih regulates the stream of individual projetcs put forward by users.
only communities composed of multi-options, diversity and inclusive will survive and remain successfully functional and effective in the 21st century. They will be characterized as equitable, affordable, sustainable and walkable. The specific components are housing, work, services, amenties, movign and thriving. whose factors include: quality education; access to good jobs, affordable housing; affordable healthy food; affordable health services; ability to enjoy amenities; access to recreation and parks; meaningful civic engagement; affordable transportation choices.
As in all communities, decision-making models fall into three categories: grand plan by primary elements (government/business)/almost no deliberate and/or subconscious actions by individuals and small-entities. moderate planning/moderate actions. liitle or no planning/primarily actions.
The secret and charm of community is its diversity and level of human interaction achieved by creating walkable urban-style environments. 'Spontaneous' diversity (on all levels-primary & secondary) is generated by planting seeds.
four conditions are all necessary and indispensible.
1) must serve more than one primary function and preferably more than two.
+ insuse people to go outside on different schedules
(people distributed throughout the time of day)
(factor of users spread through time of day)
(maximum person/times - when needed most for time balance)
- mid-afternoons(2-5)
- evenings
- saturdays/sundays
+ are there for different purposes (residents/workers/irregulars/tourists)
+ use many facilities in common
+ a waterfront itself is the first asset capable of drawing people.
+ primary uses - anchors/bring people to a specific place/ can be unusual / attractors of people
(offices/factories/dwellings/education/entertainment/recreation)
+ secondary uses - enterprises that respond to the presence of primary uses / serve people & flourishes sufficiently / contains enough of unusual & unique.
+ primary uses mixtures - to preform effectivel/overlap/use same streets/some of same facilities
(incubate operation/incubators of enterprises)
+ constant replacement - less with more intensive/no artificially induced dispersion,only centripetal forces/courts of honor[formal design]/functional & economic needs of the place/
+ mingled city - individual architectural focal pts./intimately surrounded by everyday matrix in harmony w/economic-functional behavior.
+ each primary use needs imtimate matrix with its secondary diversity.
+ primary uses - complexity & variety. {place requires a grid/network/overlap of primary uses]
2) most blocks must be short; streets and opportunities to turn corners must be frequent
+ isolated, discrete street neighborhoods are apt to be helpless socially.
+ monotony - endless stores/depressing predominance of commercial standardization.
+ consolidation, scale of support, scale of convenience.
+ no stringent physical segregation of regular users
+ streets containing buildings where things could start up & grow at spots economically viable
+ various alternative routes to choose
+ mutual paths - mixed & mingled.
+ supply of fleasible spots for commerce.
+ distribution / convenience of placement.
___________________________________________________________________________________
article @ The Atlantic Cities / Irvine Minnesota Inventory.
All of this means is that truly walkable urban communities are much more economically vibrant than their drivable suburban neighbors. Creating a supply of walkable urban neighborhoods, substituting 'walkable urban' for “drivable suburban”.
What do most people want in the way of a community? A functional, safe, economically effective, place that provides a diversity of choices for residence, work, entertainment, recreation, transportation, services and human needs. Additionally, people want walkable, energy-efficient, more sustainable places that offer racial and ethnic diversity, prosperity, and stability.
I've been emphasizing this point for years - America needs to re-invent its cities for two reasons - and this is one; the other is energy. I don't see America giving up the individual transportation module (car) any time soon (say the next 100 years) but with fossil fuels ending and thus more expensive, living in suburban is not going to work. the cost and inconvenience will not sustain itself. Small to mid-sized cities would do well as bloomer-centric hubs, particular those with good mass transit and several features that attract activity. With small electric powered cars, zones with a 5-mile radius will be ideal especially with the availibility of transit.We live in an older suburb of Chicago - 95% of everything we need is within 5 miles, everything one would want or need + rail and mass transit & easy access to 3 interstates. And yes, we have our few square feet of grass.
However, many will always live rurally and in the far out suburbs - energy and the recent economic phase shift will pull more people into the cities , particularly if cities can regain employment centers and prove 'safety.
Regarding my two point - that America will have to/must re-invent its cities and suburban centers because of energy.
establishment of suburban villages around transport corridors. (an example - suburban chicago) What is required is an easement from zoning regulations allowing for three or four story multi-use development an eighth of a mile around a designated transport service stop, and three story multi-residence development a quarter of a mile around a designated transport stop. The multi-use zone should allow for both ground level retail and ground and/or second story professional uses, with townhouse residences above. The easement should also include a maximum allowed parking minimum, with allowance to include pooled parking in the zone to meeting parking minimums
As it was originally designed, Outer Suburbia and Exurbia was designed to fail in an era where increasing energy efficiency will be a fundamental platform for ongoing growth. However, its possible to retrofit Outer Suburbia and Exurbia to a more sustainable design
All across the U.S., residential exurbs that sprouted on the edge of metropolitan areas are seeing their growth fizzle, according to new 2011 census estimates released Thursday.
...
"The heyday of exurbs may well be behind us," Yale University economist Robert J. Shiller said. Shiller, co-creator of a Standard & Poor's housing index, is perhaps best known for identifying the risks of a U.S. housing bubble before it actually burst in 2006-2007. Examining the current market, he believes America is now at a turning point, shifting away from faraway suburbs to cities amid persistently high gasoline prices.
...
"Suburban housing prices may not recover in our lifetime," Shiller said, calling the development of suburbs since 1950 "unusual," enabled only by the rise of the automobile and the nation's highway system
If values (property values below replacement cost) are sliding because of the cost of travel per mile in an area that requires a lot of miles of travel to get things done, there are two responses that can boost value:
- Reduce the numbers of miles that need to be traveled to get things done, and
- Reduce the cost of transport per mile
(1) Suppose that you had a small, multi-use "suburban village" that was in relatively easy travel distances.
(2) Suppose that the suburban village was connected by lower cost transport to additional suburban villages as well as to one or more larger urban multi-use areas
http://marketurbanism.com/
http://greatergreaterwashington.org/
http://www.streetsblog.org/
http://www.thetransportpolitic.com/
http://discoveringurbanism.blogspot.com/
http://newurbandesigner.com/
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes from 'The Oregon Experiment', 1975, Christopher Alexander, et. al., Oxford University Press.
1) organic order - planning and construction is guided by a process which allows the whole to emerge gradually from local acts. The kind of order achieved when there is a perfect balance between the needs of the parts and the needs of the whole. The community shall not adopt any form of physical master plan, but instead shall adopt a process. The process enables the community to draw its order from a communal pattern language. The process is administered by a single planning board of less than ten members, made up of users and ____________ in equal numbers, and a director of planning (supported by a staff ). It is impossible to fix today what the environment should be like 20 years from today, then steer the process of development toward that fixed, imaginary world.
2) participation - all decisions about building are in the hands of the users. what to build, how to build it. User design team for each proposed building, and only those designs initiated by users will be considered.
3) piecemeal growth - construction undertaken in each cycle will be weighed overwhelmingly towards small projects. piecemeal growth is essential to create organic order, growth and repair, in order to maintain balance and coordination, the quality of the whole. To maintain morphological integration repair must conserve a pre-ordained order and adapt continuously to changing uses and activiities. gradual sequence of changes, distributed across all levels and scales. good environments have in common whole & alive due to slow growth over long period, piece by piece. adapting to changing users and needs.
4) patterns - design and construction guided by communally adopted planning principles called patterns, covering all levels (macro / micro).
5) diagnosis - well being of whole protected by annual diagnosis which explains which spaces are alive and which ones are dead at any given moment. Planning staff along with the users of individual spaces will prepare an annual diagnostic map for the entire environment. This diagnostic map will be adopted, published and available to all.
6) coordination - slow emergence of organic order assured by a funding process whcih regulates the stream of individual projetcs put forward by users.
Wednesday, June 13, 2012
Beyond the Corporate Economy
Does the USA need a new economic system?
Over the last thirty years, economic growth has been driven entirely by debt - government, business and consumer. That doesn't say any thing good about our capitalism economy. In fact, it's a sign that the USA is in failure mode. It's time to recognize this and plan for the eventually that America's and the entire world's economies are collapsing. More importantly, we need to formulate and start creating the next way.
First, forgot thinking it's not going to happen. It's in progress as we speak. Mid-June 2012 and the EU is near ruin - Greece, Spain and Italy are in various states of fiscal failure.
Second, to prove my point - let's examine GDP growth, debt growth, changes in money supply, and several other factors that illustrate this point.
Third, what are we speaking about. To paraphase Andrew Mack, Ph.D. from New Florence, Pa in a letter to the editor in the June 2012, the Atlantic:
Over the last thirty years, economic growth has been driven entirely by debt - government, business and consumer. That doesn't say any thing good about our capitalism economy. In fact, it's a sign that the USA is in failure mode. It's time to recognize this and plan for the eventually that America's and the entire world's economies are collapsing. More importantly, we need to formulate and start creating the next way.
First, forgot thinking it's not going to happen. It's in progress as we speak. Mid-June 2012 and the EU is near ruin - Greece, Spain and Italy are in various states of fiscal failure.
Second, to prove my point - let's examine GDP growth, debt growth, changes in money supply, and several other factors that illustrate this point.
Third, what are we speaking about. To paraphase Andrew Mack, Ph.D. from New Florence, Pa in a letter to the editor in the June 2012, the Atlantic:
Sunday, June 10, 2012
More on the ACA
The ACA was an example of single-payer for the insurance industry, a few bones for the public, and placating the health providers without offending the money sources, namely the private sector that still offers health insurance to its employees. It did include the seeds of a single-payer system and the start of a universalist model, to its benefit.
The corporations want to quit providing health care insurance and the insurance companies themselves only want to offer a high-premium, up-scale add-on product.
The Republican/Romneycare model offers more of the same with double the mandate, higher premiums, weaker coverage and smaller subsidies. And a tax increase without any deductibility.
Only total fools spout crap about Obamacare's short-comings and their fantasy of no mandates. Get real you're goin' be payin' more, and by law.
If you are using health care and paying attention, only the middle-men are making any money.
The Republicans will push the USA into single-payer faster than the Democrats. Ask an insurance executive.
The corporations want to quit providing health care insurance and the insurance companies themselves only want to offer a high-premium, up-scale add-on product.
The Republican/Romneycare model offers more of the same with double the mandate, higher premiums, weaker coverage and smaller subsidies. And a tax increase without any deductibility.
Only total fools spout crap about Obamacare's short-comings and their fantasy of no mandates. Get real you're goin' be payin' more, and by law.
If you are using health care and paying attention, only the middle-men are making any money.
The Republicans will push the USA into single-payer faster than the Democrats. Ask an insurance executive.
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